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Life sciences · Journal article
Theoretical and Natural Science · October 20, 2026
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Breast cancer, which is the most common malignancy in the world for women, has been an enormous burden on human's health. The traditional multimodality therapy, including chemotherapy or radiotherapy are challenged with drug resistance, recurrence, metastasis and systemic toxicity. Hydrogels are 3D cross-linked polymeric network having a high water contents and combines injectability, ECM-mimicking structure, and smart response to pathological microenvironment, offering versatile platforms for treating breast cancers. Herein we summarize the recent progresses on using hydrogels in breast cancer treatment. Firstly, the classification of hydrogels by materials origins and environment response is given out, together with a discussion about the strategy in designing functions or controlling drug loading. We next review the four main therapeutic applications, namely: Localized and Sustained Chemotherapy for achieving high local concentration of drugs without causing much toxicity; combined photothermal-photodynamic therapy for the spatiotemporal-controlled tumor ablation; immunomodulation and tumor microenvironment reprogramming for enhancing systemically antitumor immune response; and combined postoperative tumor control, tissue repair, and reconstruction. Last but not least, we summarize some key benefits from using hydrogels for spatiotemporal drug control, multimodal therapeutic synergy, and functionally integrated, when talking about present-day challenges, such as exact matching of the degradation and drug release kinetics and individualization. Future directions, including gene–drug–cell co-delivery systems and intelligent theranostic hydrogels, are also discussed.