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Life sciences · Journal article
Russian Medicine · October 14, 2026
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Over the past decades, there has been an increase in cancer cases and related mortality. Smoking dependence on cancer patients is closely associated with their disease outcome. Continued smoking impacts therapy, relapse rates, postoperative complications, and survival, highlighting the importance of integrating smoking cessation assistance into oncological care. For this purpose, data from the available literature in the PubMed, Medline, and eLibrary databases were analyzed to identify current trends and barriers in the provision of medical care in oncology practice. It has been shown that the actual coverage of structured smoking cessation assistance (behavioral counseling, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), and other pharmacological methods) remains limited, despite high reported motivation among some cancer patients. Similar barriers are observed in many countries, including Russia: a lack of time and expertise among oncologists, a lack of established routing protocols, limited availability and funding of NRT, and insufficient standardization of smoking status and pharmacotherapy use. Moreover, international meta-analyses confirm the effectiveness of NRT, Сytisine, and other smoking cessation methods and show that their combination with behavioral therapy also increases the chances of quitting. Adherence to smoking in cancer patients is a modifiable factor that requires healthcare intervention. In the Russian context, given the existing regulatory and clinical framework (Federal Law No. 15, clinical guidelines of the Russian Ministry of Health), there is a need for applied research in specific oncology centers aimed at assessing the actual practice of smoking cessation recommendations, prescribing pharmacotherapy, and identifying barriers encountered by physicians and patients. The collected data can be used to improve and personalize smoking cessation therapy for cancer patients, which will improve prognosis, increase the effectiveness of anticancer therapy, and reduce the pharmacoeconomic burden on the healthcare system.