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Life sciences · Journal article
Russian Journal of Immunology · October 27, 2026
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Post-infectious syndrome serves as a clear model of how an acute immune disorder (fighting infection) transforms into a chronic pathological condition. This, in turn, creates a stable platform for the development of long-term multisystem disorders involving various organs and tissues. Modern advances in immunology, molecular biology, and related disciplines, as well as the emergence of new immunotropic drugs, have created the conditions for providing effective and long-term care to patients with immune disorders not only in the acute phase but also during the rehabilitation phase. These circumstances served as the basis for the development of the presented medical technology. The aim of this work is to systematize data on pathogenetic mechanisms, develop a classification and describe medical technology for the prevention and rehabilitation of patients with post-infectious syndrome. This study analyzed current literature and ICD-10 provisions to conceptualize the concept of “PIS”. A wide range of pathogens and affected systems (nervous, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal) are considered. The paper provides a detailed examination of immune dysregulation as a key link in the pathogenesis of post-infectious syndromes. It describes the role of antigen persistence, autoimmune reactions, and chronic inflammation, which play an important role even in the absence of an active pathogen. Approaches to topical diagnostics of lesions of various organs and systems are also presented, as well as a list of laboratory markers necessary for the verification of immune disorders and chronic systemic inflammation. A classification of conditions united by the term “post-infectious syndrome” is proposed, based on the ICD-10 rubrication (B90-B94, G93.3, I41, U09, etc.), which allows for the unification of diagnostic approaches. A patient management strategy is described, focused on the transition from antimicrobial therapy to active screening and targeted immune rehabilitation. Methods for correcting chronic systemic inflammation and preventing the development of irreversible complications (fibrosis, organ dysfunction) are considered. Prevention and correction of post-infectious syndromes is a strategic objective of modern healthcare. The developed medical technology, based on the principles of personalized medicine and aimed at long-term patient health, aligns with the priorities of scientific and technological development and forms a new model for providing medical care after infections. The proposed medical technology is a new systematized direction in the diagnosis, prevention and rehabilitation of patients with post-infectious syndrome.