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Life sciences · Journal article
Advanced Natural Sciences: Life and Health Sciences · October 23, 2026
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Abstract Background: Metabolic syndrome is characterized by the clustering of obesity, dysglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension, increasing the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Secreted frizzled-related protein-4 (SFRP-4), a regulator of Wnt signalling, has emerged as a potential marker of metabolic dysfunction. Aims: To assess serum SFRP-4 levels among subjects with metabolic syndrome and determine their association with selected anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical parameters. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 110 subjects with metabolic syndrome at the Department of Biochemistry, ASJSATDS Medical College, Fatehpur, over one year (Jan-Dec, 2024). Anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical parameters were recorded, and serum SFRP-4 levels were assessed. Results: Among 110 subjects, 63 (57.3%) were males and 47 (42.7%) females. Increased waist circumference was present in 89 (80.9%), hypertension in 67 (60.9%), and low HDL-C in 72 (65.5%). Mean SFRP-4 increased with BMI from 6.82 ± 1.41 to 9.21 ± 2.03 ng/mL (p=0.004). Levels were higher with fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL (9.18 ± 1.94 vs. 6.71 ± 1.35 ng/mL; p<0.001), triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL (8.72 ± 1.91 vs. 7.02 ± 1.47 ng/mL; p=0.001), low HDL-C (8.79 ± 1.94 vs. 7.36 ± 1.52 ng/mL; p=0.002), and hypertension (8.73 ± 1.91 vs. 7.48 ± 1.62 ng/mL; p=0.003). SFRP-4 correlated positively with BMI (r=0.356), waist circumference (r=0.391), fasting glucose (r=0.428), HbA1c (r=0.402), triglycerides (r=0.318), and systolic BP (r=0.271), while HDL-C showed an inverse correlation (r=−0.286); all p<0.05. Conclusion: Higher serum SFRP-4 levels were associated with multiple metabolic abnormalities, suggesting its potential as a biomarker of metabolic dysfunction in metabolic syndrome.