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Life sciences · Journal article
Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders · September 30, 2026
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Introduction. Previous studies have indicated that obesity is associated with dietary glycemic index and load, and chronotype. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the glycemic index and load was related to chronotype in overweight/obese women.Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted using 287 overweight and obese women, aged 18-50y. Dietary exposure was evaluated by a 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). To determine the chronotype status, the 19 items Horne and Ostberg morning/ evening questionnaire (MEQ) was used. Biochemical parameters, hyperlipidemia factors, and anthropometric components were measured.Result. A significant relationship was found between GL with circadian rhythm, where, as glycemic load increases, the eveningness percentage increases (P = 0.029). We did not find any significant relationship between GI with chronotype (P = 0.57). The multinomial logistic regression model revealed that individuals with higher GL (71.78) had 61% greater chance for being in the eveningness vs. morningness category, and this relationship remained significant after adjusting for age and BMI (OR = 1.62, p = 0.043).Conclusion. In the current study, we found a direct significant association between increased GL and evening type among overweight and obese Iranian women. Future studies are required to evaluate long-term high GL and GI effects on chronotype.