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Life sciences · Journal article
International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology · October 7, 2026
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Background: Obesity is a major global health concern associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, autonomic nervous system dysfunction, and increased cardiovascular risk.Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted by adipose tissue, plays a crucial role in obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities.Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a non-invasive marker of autonomic nervous system activity and provides insight into cardiovascular regulation.The relationship between inflammatory markers and autonomic dysfunction in severe obesity remains inadequately explored.Objectives: To evaluate the correlation between serum IL-6 levels and HRV parameters in individuals with WHO Class II and Class III obesity and to assess the impact of obesity severity on inflammatory and autonomic function.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted among adults with Class II obesity (BMI 35-<40 kg/m²) and Class III obesity (BMI ≥40 kg/m²) attending the outpatient and inpatient departments of a tertiary care teaching hospital.Anthropometric measurements, serum IL-6 levels, and HRV parameters were assessed.IL-6 was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).HRV analysis included time-domain parameters (SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50) and frequency-domain parameters (LF, HF, VLF, LF/HF ratio).Correlation and regression analyses were performed to evaluate associations among study variables.Results: BMI demonstrated a strong positive correlation with IL-6 (r = 0.725, p < 0.001) and a negative correlation with SDNN (r = -0.41).Class III obese individuals exhibited significantly higher IL-6 levels and lower SDNN values compared to Class II obese individuals, indicating greater inflammatory burden and autonomic dysfunction.IL-6 showed an inverse relationship with HRV indices, particularly SDNN, suggesting that increasing systemic inflammation is associated with reduced cardiac autonomic regulation.Frequency-domain parameters showed less consistent associations with obesity severity.Conclusion: Severe obesity is associated with elevated systemic inflammation and impaired autonomic function.Serum IL-6 levels correlate inversely with HRV, particularly SDNN, supporting the link between inflammatory activation and autonomic dysregulation.Combined assessment of IL-6 and HRV may serve as a useful approach for identifying obese individuals at increased cardiometabolic risk.