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Life sciences · Journal article
Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance · November 1, 2026
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OBJECTIVES: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of infectious diseases. We analyzed the recent trends in molecular epidemiology of MRSA in northern Japan. METHODS: MRSA isolates from all types of clinical specimens were genetically classified by MLST and typing schemes of SCCmec, spa, coa, and agr. Antimicrobial susceptibility was measured by broth microdilution test, and resistance/virulence determinants were detected by multiplex/uniplex PCR, and sequencing as required. RESULTS: A total of 321 MRSA isolates were collected during the 6-month period in 2025, and differentiated into three major clonal groups, clonal complex 1-SCCmec IV (CC1-IV)-coa-VIIa (62%), CC5-II-coa-IIa (27%), and CC8-IV-coa-IIIa (6%). The proportion of CC1-IV in 2025 increased significantly compared with that in 2011-2014 (<10%), associated with the decrease in CC5-II, while CC8-IV showed persistently low prevalence. CC1 isolates comprised a predominant ST1 and minor ST2725 and ST2764, with dominant spa-type t1784. Most CC5 MRSA consisted of ST5 (64%) and ST764 (35%), with half of ST764 isolates carrying arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) type II'. Panton-Valentine leukocidine (PVL) genes were detected in ST8-IVa/spa-t008 with ACME-I (USA300 clone), ST22-IV with tst-1 (ST22-PT clone), ST1232 (CC398)-V, and ST10821 (ST8-single locus variant)-IVa. PVL-negative ST8 with SCCmec-IVl (CAMRSA/J clone, n=7) was found to harbor novel enterotoxin gene se01/sel30. As rare clones in Japan, ST5-IV (n=2) and ST5-VI (n=1) were identified in this study. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed the recent clonal shift of major MRSA in northern Japan, along with the occurrence of presumptive emerging clones.