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Life sciences · Journal article
Journal of Diabetology Research. · November 2, 2026
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Pediatric obesity is a chronic, multifactorial, and progressive disease associated with an early increase in cardiometabolic risk and the likelihood of persistent excess weight into adulthood.In this context, incretin-based therapies have expanded pharmacological options for children and adolescents with obesity, particularly through GLP-1 receptor agonists and combined GIP/GLP-1 agonists.The objective of this study was to analyze the current scientific evidence regarding the efficacy, safety, metabolic effects, limitations, and therapeutic prospects of liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide in the treatment of pediatric obesity.A systematic literature review was conducted, guided by the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, with searches in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, BVS, and SciELO databases, covering publications from 2020 through September 2026.The results demonstrated that liraglutide promotes a significant reduction in body mass index (BMI) in adolescents, while semaglutide showed a greater magnitude of response, with an average 16.1% reduction in BMI in the STEP TEENS study and improvement in cardiometabolic parameters.The most common adverse events were gastrointestinal, notably nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, in addition to a reported case of cholelithiasis with semaglutide.Tirzepatide demonstrated a significant reduction in glycated hemoglobin and BMI in adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the SURPASS-PEDS study; however, its specific efficacy for pediatric obesity without diabetes still requires confirmation through targeted studies.It is concluded that GLP-1 agonists represent an effective alternative for selected adolescents with obesity, particularly semaglutide, while tirzepatide shows promising but still emerging results.Long-term investigations into growth, body composition, bone health, pubertal development, safety, and weight loss maintenance remain necessary.