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Targeted Therapy / Cardiovascular Disease / Cardiovascular Diseases · Journal article
Annals of Medicine · May 11, 2026
A consensus or society position rather than new primary data.
This narrative review systematically examines targeted drug delivery systems for cardiovascular disease, focusing on proteins and small molecule drugs, carrier technologies including exosomes and liposomes, and administration routes to achieve precise drug enrichment at lesion sites. The authors identify a gap in systematic summaries of targeted delivery applications in CVD and provide theoretical guidance for precision medicine approaches to address therapeutic limitations such as narrow therapeutic windows and insufficient targeting precision.
Journal article. Patients with cardiovascular diseases.
Targeted drug delivery systems achieve precise drug enrichment at lesion sites through passive targeting, active targeting, and stimulus-responsive release mechanisms The first targeted drug rituximab (Rituxan) was approved in 1997, opening a new chapter for targeted drug delivery systems CVD treatment faces limitations including narrow therapeutic windows, insufficient targeting precision, and high invasiveness of conventional drugs and surgeries
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Clinicians treating cardiovascular disease may benefit from understanding the theoretical framework of targeted delivery approaches using protein and small-molecule therapeutics with carrier systems such as exosomes and liposomes. The review highlights that appropriate selection of administration routes significantly influences efficacy and clinical outcomes, though no quantitative evidence or clinical trial data is provided to guide implementation.
Narrative review providing systematic guidance on targeted drug delivery system components and strategies for cardiovascular disease without primary data or meta-analysis.
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Clinicians treating cardiovascular disease may benefit from understanding the theoretical framework of targeted delivery approaches using protein and small-molecule therapeutics with carrier systems such as exosomes and liposomes. The review highlights that appropriate selection of administration routes significantly influences efficacy and clinical outcomes, though no quantitative evidence or clinical trial data is provided to guide implementation.
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Background. Targeted drug delivery systems achieve precise drug enrichment at lesion sites through mechanisms such as passive targeting, active targeting, and stimulus-responsive release, offering novel pathways to enhance therapeutic efficacy while reducing systemic toxicity. With advancements in technologies like antibody-drug conjugates and carrier-based encapsulation, these systems have demonstrated remarkable success in treating multiple diseases.Discussion. In the field of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), the large patient population and persistently high mortality rates, coupled with limitations of conventional drugs and surgeries, such as narrow therapeutic windows, insufficient targeting precision, and high invasiveness, make the development of novel targeted delivery strategies crucial for overcoming current therapeutic bottlenecks. Proteins and small molecule drugs are regarded as ideal candidates for targeted delivery due to their high specificity, favorable stability, and tissue penetration capabilities, while delivery carriers such as exosomes and liposomes play a central role in protecting drug activity and guiding targeted accumulation. Furthermore, the appropriate selection of administration routes significantly influences the efficacy of targeted delivery and clinical outcomes. At present, there is still a lack of systematic summaries on the application of targeted drug delivery systems composed of proteins and small molecule drugs in cardiovascular diseases.Conclusions. This review focuses on targeted drug delivery systems for CVD, to systematically examine the functional properties of carriers designed for proteins and small molecule drugs, as well as the efficacy of different administration routes. It also offers a forward-looking perspective on future trends, aiming to provide theoretical and practical insights for precision medicine.
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