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Life sciences · Journal article
Theoretical and Natural Science · October 20, 2026
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Breast cancer is a malignant tumor originating from uncontrolled proliferation of breast epithelial cells. The treatment of breast cancer such as chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy has been improved recently, but the breast cancer is still the main cause of cancer-related mortality. Fortunately, the appearance of bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) has enhanced the treatment because it has two separate binding sites which could bridge the T cells and the surface of tumor targets. However, the toxicity of BsAbs have negative impacts on its clinical application since it increased inflammation triggering brain or nerves.This article illustrates mechanisms of how BsAbs treat breast cancer through it bridging mechanism and signal activation. Moreover, covering the source of toxicity that BsAbs against breast cancer, the method that help to reduce the toxicity, such as Fc-region engineering. Furthermore, the article discussed the improvement in outcome after modifying BsAbs's structure, hoping to provide a better reference basis for future diagnosis and treatment.