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Life sciences · Journal article
Journal of Analytical Oncology · October 8, 2026
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The escalating global burden of cancer, with a near 40% mortality increase over four decades and a projected 60% surge this decade, culminating in an estimated 13 million deaths by 2030, underscores the urgent need for improved therapies. Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most frequent malignancy and second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, accounting for approximately 10% of diagnoses, necessitates innovative treatment strategies. This in vitro study investigated the effects of combined exposure to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 5-Aza cytidine (5-Aza) on human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT116). Employing MTT, wound healing, and colony formation assays, we observed significant reductions in cell viability, migration, and proliferation with the combined treatment compared to monotherapies. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) revealed a substantial decrease in the number and diversity of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 5-FU-treated cells. These findings demonstrate that combined 5-Aza/5-FU exposure alters HCT116 cellular responses; however, formal pharmacological synergy cannot be inferred from the present experimental design. The synergistic effect of 5-Aza sensitized CRC cells to 5-FU.