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Nanoparticle-based Drug Delivery · Journal article
Lipids · August 10, 2026
Early or partial results. Treat as a signal, not a conclusion.
This is an in vitro mechanistic study showing that liposomes formulated from natural cardiolipin induce apoptosis in a multiple myeloma cell line (KMS-12-PE) with an IC50 of 23.5 ± 11.4 μM and low toxicity to normal cells (IC50 > 100 μM). The work is exploratory and does not yet support clinical translation or comparison to existing anticancer therapies.
In vitro cell proliferation and apoptosis assay. Multiple myeloma cell line KMS-12-PE and unspecified normal cells; cancer cell lines tested for comparative toxicity. Intervention: Liposomes prepared solely from natural cardiolipin or myristoylated (saturated C14 chains) cardiolipin. Compared with: Liposome-free control group.
Natural cardiolipin liposomes showed IC50 of 23.5 ± 11.4 μM against KMS-12-PE multiple myeloma cells Natural cardiolipin liposomes showed IC50 > 100 μM in normal cells, indicating low toxicity Myristoylated cardiolipin liposomes exhibited weak anticancer activity
No in vivo efficacy or safety data provided. Natural cardiolipin liposomes showed IC50 > 100 μM in normal cells, indicating low toxicity
This finding is preclinical and cannot guide clinical practice. Further development requires in vivo efficacy studies, safety profiling, and comparison to standard anticancer agents before any therapeutic evaluation.
In vitro cell culture study demonstrating a mechanistic finding in cancer cells with IC50 measurement, lacking in vivo validation, clinical endpoints, or comparison to established anticancer agents.
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This finding is preclinical and cannot guide clinical practice. Further development requires in vivo efficacy studies, safety profiling, and comparison to standard anticancer agents before any therapeutic evaluation.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
ABSTRACT Despite notable medical advancements, the continuous development of novel cancer therapies remains imperative. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anticancer activity of liposomes prepared solely from nonnatural myristoylated (saturated C 14 chains) or natural cardiolipin to develop a cancer therapies strategy. We calculated IC 50 values using a cell proliferation inhibition assay and investigated the underlying mechanisms in cells exhibiting high inhibitory activity using Western blotting and flow cytometry. Calculation of the IC 50 revealed that liposomes prepared solely with natural cardiolipin exhibited low toxicity to normal cells (> 100 μM) and showed the strongest toxicity against cancer cells, specifically KMS‐12‐PE (multiple myeloma cells) (23.5 ± 11.4 μM) among various cancer cells. In contrast, liposomes prepared solely with myristoylated cardiolipin exhibited weak anticancer activity. Furthermore, the mechanism of anticancer activity was evaluated using immunoblotting and flow cytometry. After administration of natural cardiolipin liposomes, CASPASE‐3 cleavage was confirmed in KMS‐12‐PE cells, and the annexin V‐positive rate was higher than in the liposome‐free control group, suggesting apoptosis induction. These results indicate that natural cardiolipin is nontoxic to normal cells and possesses anticancer activity. This study demonstrated that liposomes formulated with cardiolipin can induce anticancer activity independently. This new finding is considered a foundation for future therapeutic strategies.
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