Loading
Life sciences · Journal article
Bioactive Materials · September 17, 2026
No summary has been generated for this record yet. What follows is drawn from its source metadata only.
Journal article.
No findings were extractable from the material analysed.
Safety was not reported in the material analysed. Check the source before drawing any conclusion about harm.
The source did not state who this applies to in practice.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
This record has not been graded across any dimension yet. Treat the label above as provisional and read the source.
What is missing. This record has no bottom line, key findings, reported figures, evidence dimensions. That is a gap in the analysis, not a judgement about the study.
Gallium (Ga)-based biomaterials have emerged as versatile therapeutic platforms owing to the iron-mimicking properties and broad biological activities of gallium. Coordination engineering regulates Ga speciation, stability, transport, and therapeutic activation; however, optimizing individual physicochemical properties does not necessarily improve biological performance. Excessive coordination stability may restrict ligand exchange and therapeutic activation, whereas insufficient stability may cause premature dissociation, nonspecific exposure, and reduced target delivery. In this Review, we propose Biological Accessibility as a multidimensional, time-dependent property describing the spatiotemporal availability of biologically active gallium species to relevant biological environments, cells, and molecular or tissue targets throughout the therapeutic lifecycle. We first examine ligand chemistry, coordination thermodynamics, ligand-exchange kinetics, gallium speciation under physiological conditions, and disease-responsive coordination evolution. We then review representative coordination-engineered gallium platforms and their applications in antibacterial therapy, immunomodulation, cancer treatment, bone regeneration, bioimaging, and theranostics, highlighting coordination-regulated transport, localization, cellular accessibility, activation, retention, and clearance. Building on these advances, we develop a dynamic framework linking continuous coordination evolution with Biological Accessibility across systemic, pathological, and intracellular environments. We further discuss Therapeutic and Off-target Accessibility, disease-specific accessibility windows, mechanistic attribution of biological functions, quantitative evaluation, in vivo coordination evolution, predictive modeling, artificial intelligence-assisted design, biosafety, and clinical translation. This framework provides a conceptual basis for accessibility-guided design of next-generation gallium biomaterials and broader coordination-engineered therapeutic systems.