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Life sciences · Journal article
Scientific Reports · September 9, 2026
Early or partial results. Treat as a signal, not a conclusion.
This is a secondary analysis of 4,886 publicly available E. coli genomes that maps the global distribution of OXA-48-like carbapenemase-producing isolates and identifies associations between three dominant variants (bla OXA-48, bla OXA-181, bla OXA-244) and specific sequence types, plasmid backgrounds, and resistance genes. The work is descriptive and hypothesis-generating, documenting an emerging epidemiological trend (rising prevalence of bla OXA-181) but providing no direct evidence of clinical impact, treatment implications, or functional differences among variants.
Descriptive genomic epidemiology study; secondary analysis of publicly available bacterial genomes. E. coli genomes from publicly available repositories harboring OXA-48-like carbapenemase variants; clinical setting, patient population, and eligibility criteria not specified.. Intervention: Genomic sequencing and bioinformatic characterization of OXA-48-like carbapenemase variants; no experimental intervention.. Compared with: Comparative analysis among three dominant OXA-48-like variants and associated lineages; no separate control group.. n = 4,886. Global; isolates identified in 71 countries, with highest numbers in France, United Kingdom, and United States..
OXA-48-like carbapenemase-producing E. coli genomes identified in 71 countries, with France, United Kingdom, and United States reporting highest numbers Nine OXA-48-like carbapenemase variants identified; bla OXA-48 most common, followed by bla OXA-181 and bla OXA-244 bla OXA-181 displays wider geographical distribution than bla OXA-48 and bla OXA-244, with proportion significantly increasing in recent years
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This surveillance analysis documents an emerging epidemiological pattern (rising prevalence of bla OXA-181) and identifies dominant clonal lineages that may guide infection control and epidemiological investigations. However, the work does not establish clinical treatment implications, outcomes differences among variants, or provide data to inform antimicrobial stewardship in individual patients.
A descriptive genomic analysis of publicly available sequences identifying distribution patterns and genetic associations, lacking clinical outcomes, experimental validation, or mechanistic investigation of the variants' functional impact.
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This surveillance analysis documents an emerging epidemiological pattern (rising prevalence of bla OXA-181) and identifies dominant clonal lineages that may guide infection control and epidemiological investigations. However, the work does not establish clinical treatment implications, outcomes differences among variants, or provide data to inform antimicrobial stewardship in individual patients.
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Abstract Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) represents a major source for the dissemination of OXA-48-like carbapenemases, posing a significant public health threat. However, the global distribution and genetic characterization of E. coli genomes harboring OXA-48-like carbapenemase variants remain unclear. Here, we systematically analyzed the global distribution of E. coli harboring OXA-48-like carbapenemase variants based on 4,886 publicly available genomes. OXA-48-like carbapenemase-producing E. coli genomes were distributed in 71 countries, with the highest numbers of France, the United Kingdom, and the United States. A total of nine variants were identified, with bla OXA−48 being the most common, followed by bla OXA−181 and bla OXA−244. Notably, bla OXA−181 displayed a wider geographical distribution than bla OXA−48 and bla OXA−244. Moreover, the proportion of bla OXA−181 has significantly increased in recent years, suggesting an emerging risk related to bla OXA−181. Comparative analysis showed that the three dominate OXA-48-like carbapenemase variants displayed specific preferences for MLST lineages, plasmid backgrounds, antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence genes. ST38, ST410, and ST38 were the predominate sequence types for bla OXA−48 -, bla OXA−181 - and bla OXA−244 -positive genomes, respectively. Moreover, the bla OXA−48, bla OXA−181 and bla OXA−244 genes were distributed in different phylogenetic lineages across ST38 and ST410, thereby demonstrating their distinct evolutionary paths. In addition, frequent clonal transmission events were identified across a “One health” continuum. Overall, this study provides an updated insight into the global epidemiology of E. coli harboring OXA-48-like carbapenemase variants, underscoring the need for continuous monitoring of the dissemination of these variants.
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