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Life sciences · Journal article
Fabad Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · October 30, 2026
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Neoantigens have emerged as pivotal elements in modern cancer immunology, offering promising avenues for personalized immunotherapy. These tumour-specific peptides originate from somatic mutations, insertions, deletions, or alternative splicing events, distinguishing them from normal cellular proteins. Their absence in healthy tissues prevents immune tolerance, allowing selective recognition by T cells and reducing the risk of off-target toxicity. The generation of neoantigens involves genetic alterations that produce abnormal proteins, which are subsequently processed and displayed by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules for immune detection. Advances in computational biology and multi-omics technologies have enhanced the precision of neoantigen prediction and selection for therapeutic applications. Clinically, a strong correlation exists between neoantigen load and responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors, underscoring their prognostic and predictive potential. Personalized neoantigen-based vaccines, designed according to individual tumour mutation profiles, have shown safety and efficacy in early clinical trials. Collectively, neoantigens represent a transformative frontier in precision oncology, driving the development of tailored cancer immunotherapies.