Life sciences · Journal article
Theoretical and Natural Science · September 15, 2026
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Respiratory tract infections are among the most common infectious diseases worldwide. Since 2020, the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory infections have changed significantly under the influence of various factors, posing persistent challenges to global public health and human health. This study reviews changes in the epidemiological characteristics of major respiratory pathogenic viruses since 2020 and related research advances using literature analysis and comparative analysis. The findings indicate that the overall positive detection rates of respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, and influenza virus have declined to some extent, but these viruses remain major pathogens of respiratory infections. Children and older adults are the primary susceptible populations, with different viruses exhibiting distinct age distributions and seasonal patterns. Multiple factors have contributed to changes in the epidemiology of respiratory viruses, and mixed infections involving multiple pathogens have become an important contributor to disease complexity. In recent years, advances in viral detection and surveillance technologies have provided support for accurate diagnosis and disease prevention and control.