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Life sciences · Journal article
Annals of Urologic Oncology · October 13, 2026
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Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most prevalent cancer worldwide. Management of RCC depends on various factors like the size of tumor, location, histopathological type, grade and its metastatic potential. The treatment of RCC has traditionally posed numerous challenges. Despite advances in therapeutic approaches, metastatic RCC remains a complicated malignancy to treat, and survival rates remain poor. The prognosis, overall survival, and mortality in stage IV renal cell carcinoma are poor. The treatment options for RCC include surgical excision, ablation, and active surveillance. The newer modalities like cryoablation, stereotactic radiotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy are coming up. The immune checkpoint inhibitors have become a part of standard first-line treatments for metastatic RCC and are associated with long-term survival. All modalities are not available at various academic and non -academic medical centres, so the prognosis of advanced RCC cases may differ. Utilizing the National Cancer Database as the main data source enhances the credibility of the results. The study offers important perspectives on how the type of healthcare facility affects patient outcomes and treatment choices, making it highly relevant for healthcare providers and policymakers. This article is focused on the treatment of metastatic RCC approaches between academic and non-academic medical centres and newer modalities as per various Associations, Pannels, Societies and networks. With the recent clinical trials, there are significant advancements have been made in systemic therapies to treat advanced RCC. The literature shows improvements when using immunotherapy or combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with VEGFR inhibitors. However, there are limited resources, information and clinical guideline.