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Life sciences · Journal article
Discover Oncology · October 1, 2026
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To characterize the global research landscape, knowledge structure, thematic evolution, and translational trends of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in esophageal cancer. English-language articles and reviews were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus for the predefined publication period through December 31, 2025. After data integration, deduplication, and eligibility filtering, 886 publications published between 2007 and 2025 were included. Bibliometrix/Biblioshiny, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace were used for bibliometric and visualization analyses. Publication output remained relatively limited until 2019 and increased rapidly after 2020. China contributed 696 publications (78.56%), while 85 publications (9.59%) involved international collaboration. Citation analyses revealed distinct patterns of broad and disease-specific influence: highly cited general oncology publications dominated global citation rankings, whereas esophageal cancer-specific studies showed greater local citation impact within the analytical corpus. Keyword and thematic analyses indicated a transition from immune-cell infiltration and molecular expression toward immunosuppressive microenvironments, tumor-associated macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune checkpoint blockade, neoadjuvant therapy, and single-cell and spatial approaches. Esophageal cancer TIME research has expanded rapidly since 2020 and is shifting from descriptive immune profiling toward immunotherapy, treatment-response prediction, and high-resolution single-cell and spatial analyses. Future research should focus on translating these findings into reproducible biomarkers and clinically applicable stratification tools.