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RNA, Untranslated / Precancerous Lesions / Tumor Microenvironment · Journal article
Oncoimmunology · August 27, 2026
Raises a question worth testing. It does not answer one.
This is a narrative review that reconceptualizes the role of noncoding RNAs—particularly microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs—as functional regulators of cancer biology and immune responses, departing from their historical dismissal as transcriptional noise. The article proposes that lncRNAs may encode cryptic micropeptides capable of influencing the immunopeptidome and T-cell immunity, and that the noncoding genome warrants revision of the central dogma of molecular biology; however, it presents conceptual synthesis rather than new empirical evidence.
Journal article.
Approximately 98% of the human genome is noncoding; ~2% encodes protein. Long noncoding RNAs (≥200 nucleotides) and small ncRNAs (<200 nucleotides) including miRNAs regulate oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Some lncRNAs harbor open reading frames encoding micropeptides—a previously underexplored dimension of the immunopeptidome.
Safety was not reported in the material analysed. Check the source before drawing any conclusion about harm.
The source did not state who this applies to in practice.
This is a narrative review article synthesizing conceptual frameworks about noncoding RNA roles in cancer immunity; it raises questions and proposes theoretical connections rather than presenting original empirical evidence or meta-analysis of existing trials.
Quoted from the source exactly as published.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
Long considered transcriptional noise, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), are now recognized as central regulators of cellular function, acting as scaffolds, structural elements, and regulators of gene expression. This expanding functional landscape is reshaping our understanding of cancer biology, immune regulation, and the limits of translation itself. Beyond gene regulation, lncRNAs may be implicated in the earliest stages of oncogenic transformation, orchestrating molecular reprogramming and remodeling of the immune microenvironment in premalignant lesions. Their functional analysis has further exposed an unexpected translational dimension with some lncRNAs harboring open reading frames encoding micropeptides. These cryptic micropeptides constitute an underexplored dimension of the immunopeptidome that could shape T-cell development and antitumor immunity, with implications for cancer immunosurveillance and therapeutic targeting. Collectively, these findings call for a revised molecular dogma in which the noncoding genome is recognized as a major regulator of cellular function, oncogenic transformation, and immune surveillance.
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