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Life sciences · Journal article
Exploration of Immunology · September 15, 2026
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Aim: The current study was planned to assess the statistical correlation between seroprevalence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and important inflammatory markers: tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) within Iraqi women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: The current case-control study investigated the association between HCMV infection, inflammatory mediators (TNF-α and IL-18), and biochemical profiles in Iraqi women, a cohort of 168. The study population was grouped into four categories: (1) obese with PCOS and (2) non-obese PCOS patients, (3) an obese non-PCOS group, and (4) healthy controls. Results: In the current study, a marked increase in the concentrations of both TNF-α and IL-18 among women with PCOS compared to controls. This effect was found to be significant regardless of body mass index (BMI). These data support the proposition that inflammation is a key factor in the pathogenesis of the syndrome. Moreover, HCMV seropositivity and PCOS incidence were found to be statistically strongly correlated. Our findings also define the relation of obesity and its role in developing inflammatory responses and underscore the interaction between adiposity and systemic inflammation. Conclusions: This research paper concludes that a sophisticated interaction occurs between chronic latent viral infection and metabolic dysfunction in PCOS patients. The remarkable increase of both TNF-α and IL-18, mainly in individuals with obesity, highlights the profound inflammatory basis of PCOS. Accordingly, investigating the causal pathways is crucial, and therefore, a strategic approach to optimize patient outcomes could be assimilating viral screening into clinical management protocols.