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Life sciences · Journal article
Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders · August 10, 2026
Reinforces what was already believed, rather than introducing something new.
This cross-sectional analysis of 4,368 Brazilian older adults from a nationally representative cohort demonstrates that cardiometabolic alterations (diabetes, hypertension, excess weight, abdominal obesity) are independently associated with pre-frailty and frailty, with a dose-response relationship to accumulated burden. The findings confirm established associations but do not establish causation or reveal new mechanisms, and apply specifically to the Brazilian population studied.
Cross-sectional cohort study. Brazilian adults aged 60 years and older from urban and rural settings, selected via multistage stratified cluster sampling from a nationally representative cohort.. n = 4,368. Brazil (urban and rural).
Prevalence of pre-frailty was 58.3% and frailty was 12.3% in the sample Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, excess body weight, and abdominal obesity were independently associated with higher odds of pre-frailty and frailty after adjustment Presence of three or more cardiometabolic alterations was independently associated with higher odds of pre-frailty and frailty
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Clinicians should recognize that accumulation of cardiometabolic risk factors correlates with frailty status in older adults and may inform integrated prevention strategies. However, cross-sectional design precludes causal conclusions about whether treating cardiometabolic alterations reduces frailty risk.
Cross-sectional analysis of a large nationally representative cohort confirming the known association between cardiometabolic burden and frailty in older adults, with a dose-response pattern but no causal inference or novel intervention.
As stated by the source record.
Quoted from the source exactly as published.
Clinicians should recognize that accumulation of cardiometabolic risk factors correlates with frailty status in older adults and may inform integrated prevention strategies. However, cross-sectional design precludes causal conclusions about whether treating cardiometabolic alterations reduces frailty risk.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
Frailty is a major public health concern among older adults due to its association with disability, hospitalization, and mortality. Cardiometabolic alterations are prevalent in this population and may be associated with frailty. However, evidence remains limited, particularly across different residential contexts. Investigate the association between cardiometabolic alterations and pre-frailty and frailty among Brazilian older adults. This cross-sectional study used data from the baseline survey (2015-2016) of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil), a nationally representative, population-based cohort study. The sample was selected using a multistage, stratified cluster sampling design. A total of 4,368 individuals aged 60 years were included. Frailty was assessed according to the Fried phenotype. Cardiometabolic alterations included diabetes mellitus, hypertension, high cholesterol, excess body weight, abdominal obesity, and cardiovascular risk. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The prevalence of pre-frailty and frailty was 58.3% and 12.3%, respectively. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, excess body weight, abdominal obesity, and the presence of three or more cardiometabolic alterations were independently associated with higher odds of pre-frailty and frailty after adjustment. A dose-response relationship was observed between the number of cardiometabolic alterations and frailty status. Cardiometabolic alterations are associated with pre-frailty and frailty among Brazilian older adults. The dose-response relationship between the number of alterations and frailty status highlights the relevance of accumulated cardiometabolic burden as a marker of vulnerability to frailty and supports integrated strategies for cardiometabolic risk prevention and management. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-026-02046-8.
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