Loading
Life sciences · Journal article
Emerging Microbes & Infections · September 18, 2026
No summary has been generated for this record yet. What follows is drawn from its source metadata only.
Journal article.
No findings were extractable from the material analysed.
Safety was not reported in the material analysed. Check the source before drawing any conclusion about harm.
The source did not state who this applies to in practice.
Graded across the dimensions that decide whether you should act, each from what the source actually supports. There is no single score, and where a dimension was not assessed it says so.
This record has not been graded across any dimension yet. Treat the label above as provisional and read the source.
What is missing. This record has no bottom line, key findings, reported figures, evidence dimensions. That is a gap in the analysis, not a judgement about the study.
Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) poses a growing challenge to HIV control, particularly in highly mobile urban settings with complex transmission dynamics. We analyzed HIV-1 pol sequences from 7,538 newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve individuals in Shanghai (2018-2024), integrating genotypic resistance testing, molecular transmission network analysis, and time-scaled discrete phylogeographic inference. Individuals with Shanghai hukou were classified as Shanghai residents, whereas those without Shanghai hukou were categorized by residence as resident migrants (residing in Shanghai) or temporary migrants (residing outside Shanghai). Overall TDR prevalence was 5.1% (95% CI: 4.6%-5.6%), and was higher among individuals with recent infections (7.3%, 95% CI: 5.6%-9.5%; P = 0.004). Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)-associated resistance increased significantly over the study period (adjusted P = 0.009) driven primarily by K103N/S. In multivariable analysis, TDR was independently associated with recent infection (AOR = 1.66) and resident migrant status (AOR = 1.31). TDR sequences exhibited significant non-random clustering across transmission networks (P < 0.001), with 59.2% of networked TDR sequences concentrated in 2.7% of transmission clusters. Phylogeographic analyses indicated substantial cross-population linkages of TDR-associated lineages, with both temporary and resident migrants contributing disproportionately to TDR introduction. Resident migrants showed substantial network participation (44.1%), were overrepresented in TDR transmission clusters (78.9%), and disproportionately involved in TDR-TDR edges (74.3%), suggesting they may facilitate connectivity between non-local and local transmission networks. These findings support a structured pattern of TDR dissemination and highlight the role of population mobility in cross-population TDR dynamics, informing targeted surveillance in highly mobile urban settings.