JUL 28, 2026 · JOURNAL ARTICLE
TLR4—Spike Interaction Mediates Metabolic Reprogramming in Human B Cells 2256897
The Journal of Immunology
Mechanistic study in primary human B cells and mice identifying TLR4–spike interaction as a metabolic checkpoint, but lacks clinical efficacy data, controlled comparisons of effect sizes, or validation in vivo; findings are pathway-descriptive rather than practice-changing.
Study details
DesignMechanistic ex vivo study with human primar…
InterventionSARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein treatment; TL…