JUL 31, 2026 · JOURNAL ARTICLE
Polystyrene microplastics facilitate Clostridioides difficile biofilm formation and attenuate antibiotic susceptibility
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
In vitro mechanistic study establishing PS-MP–CD interactions in cell culture without clinical outcomes, animal models, or human validation; raises important questions about environmental pathogen interactions but does not answer them in a clinical context.
Reported
PS-MP concentration range0–400 μg/mL
Vancomycin IC₅₀ fold-increase2.42-fold
PS-MP duration (long-term exposur…20 d