AUG 7, 2026 · REVIEW
Neoadjuvant therapy combined with immunotherapy for anal sphincter preservation rate, clinical efficacy, and safety in rectal cancer patients: a meta-analysis
Frontiers in Oncology
Meta-analysis of 16 predominantly single-arm studies (540 patients) reports favorable pooled proportions for sphincter preservation (90%) and R0 resection (98%), but evidence is low-to-moderate certainty without direct RCT comparisons; confirmatory trials needed.
Reported
Sample size540
Number of studies16
Anal sphincter preservation rate…0.90