AUG 13, 2026 · JOURNAL ARTICLE
Metabolic syndrome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: paradoxical relationships between systemic inflammation, oxygenation, and lipid profiles with implications for one-year clinical outcomes
Egyptian Journal of Bronchology
Prospective cohort study with moderate sample size (184 patients) showing MS prevalence and one-year mortality/exacerbation associations in COPD, but limited by single-centre design, lack of comparator arm, and reliance on observational follow-up rather than intervention.
Reported
MS prevalence23.9%
Sample size184
Overall one-year mortality44.6%