SEP 1, 2026 · REVIEW
Salmonella Outbreaks in Low- and Middle-Income Countries over the Last Decade: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Transmission Dynamics, Clinical Outcomes, and Antimicrobial Resistance
Environmental Health Insights
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 24 laboratory-confirmed outbreak studies across 14 LMICs following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, synthesizing transmission dynamics, clinical outcomes, and resistance patterns with pooled effect estimates and confidence intervals, though extreme heterogeneity limits some inferences.
Reported
Salmonella Typhi prevalence70.8%
Waterborne transmission frequency37.5%
Waterborne transmission in Africa83.3%