AUG 10, 2026 · REVIEW
Identification of cognitive impairment in patients with hypertension: a systematic review and critical appraisal of existing models
Frontiers in Medicine
A systematic review of 17 studies reporting 25 models for identifying cognitive impairment in hypertensive patients, finding substantial heterogeneity, high risk of bias in 16 studies, limited external validation (4 studies), and poor reproducibility (only 4 fully reproducible), indicating the field lacks mature, validated tools ready for clinical implementation.
Reported
Number of studies included17
Number of models identified25
Studies at high risk of bias16