SEP 8, 2026 · JOURNAL ARTICLE
Clinical sub-phenotypes of co-occurring metabolic syndrome and pre-frailty and their associated factors in older adults: findings from Whitehall II study
Frontiers in Medicine
A hypothesis-generating, cross-sectional clustering study that identifies novel sub-phenotypes but lacks prospective validation, hard clinical outcomes, or causal evidence to guide clinical practice.
Reported
Sample size3398
Age range≥60 years
SP1 proportion31.7%