AUG 31, 2026 · JOURNAL ARTICLE
The roles and mechanisms of natural compounds in preventing and treating viral reproductive disorders in major economic livestock.
Virulence
This is a narrative review synthesizing mechanistic evidence from 297 studies on natural compounds against livestock viral reproductive disorders; it maps proposed pathways rather than testing a clinical hypothesis and does not report primary outcome data.
Reported
Number of studies included297
Economic loss per animal (BVDV)$687.80
Annual PCV2 economic lossexceeding 2 billion US dollars